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Application of Laparoscopic Surgery in Pancreatic Surgery

In the 1990s, although there have been reports of laparoscopic techniques used in pancreatectomy (pancreatic body and tail resection or pancreaticoduodenectomy) in European and American countries, it is mostly limited by surgical techniques and equipment conditions. The first laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy performed by Gagner et al. in 1992 took more than 10 hours. Subsequently, he successfully completed a total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in 1993. In 1994, Cuschieri et al. performed the first laparoscopic pancreatic body and tail resection. Briggs et al. retrieved the English literature on laparoscopic pancreatic surgery published in 1996-2008 from Pubmed and Database, and retrieved 866 related articles using keywords such as pancreas, laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgery. Human surgery articles, as well as the number of cases <5 cases, the last only 43 articles are available for analysis, the total number of surgical cases is 801, including 85 cases of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and 578 cases of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy Cases, 130 cases of tumor resection. 

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In 2013, Nakamura et al. large sample Meta analysis for laparoscopic pancreatic body and tail resection has included as many as 1057 cases. Compared with traditional open surgery, it has less bleeding, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, and operation time. Complications such as postoperative pancreatic leakage are comparable to open surgery. In general, the operation of laparoscopic pancreatic body and tail resection is relatively simple and does not require gastrointestinal reconstruction, and it has developed more rapidly than pancreaticoduodenectomy. 

Bausch et al. systematic review and analysis of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy showed that between 2006 and 2013, there were 15 clinical research reports of >20 cases, with a total number of 830 cases. Compared with the Briggs report as of 2008, it has also increased by nearly 10 times. Since 2017, high-quality evidence-based medical evidence has been published successively, showing that laparoscopic pancreatic body and tail resection and laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy have considerable long-term oncology compared with traditional open surgery. Curative effect.

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Since May 2002, Dai Menghua et al. reported successful laparoscopic insulinoma resection and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.  In 2005, Zheng Minhua et al.  successfully reported the first successful laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. Since then, laparoscopic pancreatic surgery has gradually increased in China. In the past 10 years, with the promotion and standardization of laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery, many laparoscopic surgeons have had a deeper understanding of the laparoscopic anatomy of the common hepatic artery, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein, and splenic vein. The skills of laparoscopic lymph node dissection and digestive tract reconstruction have been improved, With the development of subspecialties, laparoscopic pancreatic surgery has been carried out as a routine operation in many pancreatic surgery centers. Since 2015, there have been more than 20 domestic units that have carried out laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy with an annual operation volume of more than 100 cases. In recent years, with the development and maturity of technology, some large domestic centers with rich experience have been able to carry out laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with resection and reconstruction of the portal vein or superior mesenteric vein, and have achieved satisfactory results. The safety and feasibility of the operation are comparable to traditional surgery. For the more difficult pancreaticoduodenectomy, the key technology is the reconstruction of the digestive tract. With the application of robotic surgery, 3D laparoscopy and barb wire, it has been greatly improved.

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