The thyroid gland is located in the front and bottom of the neck. For general thyroid tumors, traditional surgery generally requires an incision of about 6 cm long. In order to expose adequately during the operation, it is necessary to separate the platysma flap upwards to at least the level of the cricoid cartilage. Some patients have obvious swelling of the flap position for a considerable period of time after the operation. Although it can eventually subside, the swelling time of about 3 months has brought certain negative psychological effects to the patients. Especially for young female patients, this effect cannot be ignored.

The emergence and application of endoscopes has become an opportunity for the development of minimally invasive surgery. At present, many surgical operations can use the good visual field and magnified imaging effect of endoscopes to perform intracavitary operations through natural or artificial cavities; The surgeon separates his eyes and hands, his eyes are fixed on the display screen, and he holds instruments specially designed for endoscopic surgery to complete the operation through a narrow cavity.

As the incision becomes smaller (only a hole that can accommodate the passage of instruments or can pass through a natural cavity), the field of vision becomes clearer, making the operation more delicate, safer and more reliable. Most of abdominal surgery, thoracic surgery, pelvic surgery, and nasal cavity and paranasal sinus surgery can be done through endoscopy. The application of an endoscope and an ultrasonic knife makes this laparoscopic surgery more refined and bloodless, which naturally brings about a reduction in intraoperative trauma and a shortened postoperative recovery time.